Multipurpose electrosurgical device

ABSTRACT

A multipurpose electrosurgical device is configurable in a bipolar mode and a monopolar mode using a three-conductor electrical input. The device includes a switching mechanism that provides signals corresponding with a first function and a second function in a monopolar mode. The switching mechanism also provides a signal corresponding with a third function in a bipolar mode.

CROSS-REFERENCE

This application is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/216,370, filed Jul. 21, 2016, now allowed, which claims the benefitto U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/208,931, filed Aug. 24, 2015,entitled “MULTIPURPOSE ELECTROSURGICAL DEVICE” incorporated herein byreference.

BACKGROUND

This disclosure relates generally to the field of medical devices,systems and methods for use in surgical procedures. More specifically,this disclosure relates to electrosurgical devices, systems and methodsthat provide for cutting, coagulation, hemostasis and sealing of bodilytissues including bone with a single electrosurgical device.

Electrosurgery includes such techniques as cutting, coagulation,hemostasis, and/or sealing of tissues with the aid of electrodesenergized with a suitable power source such as an electrosurgical unitincluding a power generator. Typical electrosurgical devices apply anelectrical potential difference or a voltage difference between anactive electrode and a return electrode on a patient's grounded body ina monopolar arrangement or between an active electrode and a returnelectrode on the device in bipolar arrangement to deliver electricalenergy to the area where tissue is to be affected. The electrosurgicaldevice are typically held by the surgeon and connected to the powersource, such as the electrosurgical unit, via cabling.

In one example, an electrical signal, such as voltage, is applied eitheras a train of high frequency pulses or as a continuous signal typicallyin the radiofrequency (RF) range. The signals could include a set ofparameters, such as power or voltage level parameters, waveformparameters such as frequency, pulse duration, duty cycle, and othersignal parameters. For example, a surgeon could use a monopolarelectrosurgical device to cut tissue and control bleeding. Tissue couldbe cut using a first RF signal having a set of parameters and bleedingcould be controlled using a second RF signal having another set ofparameters. The surgeon could also use a bipolar electrosurgical devicefor hemostatic sealing of the tissue that would employ a third RF signalhaving a unique set of parameters.

Historically, two distinct electrosurgical devices, one monopolar andthe other bipolar, were use to perform different functions in surgery,such as tissue cutting and tissue sealing. For example, a surgeon woulduse a monopolar electrosurgical device to cut tissue and controlbleeding and use a bipolar electrosurgical device for hemostatic sealingof the tissue. When these different functions were performed during asurgical procedure, surgeons would switch between different devices.Switching between devices can lead to undesirable effects such as longerprocedure times, higher costs, and an increased likelihood of inaccuracyor imprecision.

To address these issues, some electrosurgical devices capable ofoperating in both monopolar and bipolar mode have been developed.Several such electrosurgical device are described, for example, in U.S.Pat. No. 8,632,533 to Greeley, et al., U.S. Patent ApplicationPublication No. 2012/000465 to Conley, et al., U.S. Patent ApplicationPublication No. 2011/0178515 to Bloom et al., each assigned to theassignee of the present disclosure and incorporated by reference hereinin their entireties to the extent they are not inconsistent with thepresent disclosure.

Several devices that have been developed include a hand piece having twoelectrodes. These devices can be configured as bipolar electrodesconnected to a source of bipolar power to operate in a bipolar mode viainput cables, for example to seal tissue. To operate the sametwo-electrode device in a monopolar mode, for example to cut tissue andcontrol bleeding, one of the two electrodes selectively deactivated andthe other of the two electrodes coupled to a source of monopolar power.During monopolar operation, the monopolar electrode of the device may beused in conjunction with a ground pad dispersive electrode placed on apatient, which is commonly known as a patient return electrode orgrounding pad. In this manner, the dual function device may providetreatment to tissue utilizing one or both electrodes depending upon thedesired tissue treatment.

Despite having the ability to perform different functions with a singledevice, when monopolar function is desired only one of the twoelectrodes of the device are utilized. The deactivated second electrodemay obstruct the view of the surgeon during the monopolar operation.Furthermore, the deactivated electrode may prevent the monopolarelectrode from entering smaller spaces or tissue areas that couldotherwise be accessed if the unused electrode was not exposed. Deviceswhere the problem of an obstructive deactivated second electrode hasbeen addressed may not provide for a robust electrode/tissue interfaceif the device is used in bipolar mode.

Multifunction electrosurgical devices also create additional concernsfor surgeons. For example, multifunction devices generally havededicated inputs in the form of wires and cords corresponding for eachfunction that adds weight to the electrosurgical device and decreasesflexibility of the input cable, which can result in hand stain for thesurgeon. A monopolar device may include an input cable having at leasttwo wires for electrical power, and a bipolar device may include aninput cable having at least three wires for electrical power and a fluiddelivery tube. A multifunction device may include an input cable havingat least five cables and a fluid delivery tube. Additionally, each ofthese functions may require an activation mechanism, such as apushbutton on the handpiece, a footswitch, a mouth-switch, or otheractivation mechanism that may cause confusion for the surgeon or may beinadvertently selected. As functions are added to electrosurgicaldevices, these concerns will become more pronounced and diminish fromthe utility of the device.

SUMMARY

This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in asimplified form that are further described below in the DetailedDescription.

The disclosed electrosurgical devices can be operated withelectrosurgical units that can detect which activation switch on thedevice is selected. One such electrosurgical unit is available under thetrade designation AEx from Medtronic Advanced Energy of Portsmouth, N.H.The electrosurgical unit, in one example, uses a topology of circuitelements, such as a resistor ladder, to determine which activationswitch of a connected electrosurgical device is selected. In theexample, the generator can provide RF signals corresponding with atleast three functions such as hemostatic sealing in bipolarconfiguration, cutting in monopolar configuration, and coagulation inmonopolar configuration.

The devices of this disclosure can include the ability to perform theseat least three different functions while reducing or eliminating theadverse issues of previous electrosurgical devices. Having threefunctions on a single, multipurpose electrosurgical device eliminates orreduces interruption in changing devices that can reduce surgical time.The bipolar electrodes used in bipolar mode do not obstruct view orunnecessarily prevent the monopolar electrode blade from enteringsmaller spaces or tissue areas. Further, the co-planar arrangement ofthe bipolar electrodes provides for a robust electrode/tissue interfacein bipolar mode.

Further, the disclosed electrosurgical devices reduce what would bethree wires (a wire corresponding with each function) in a cable fromthe electrosurgical unit to the to device to a single conductor. Theexamples of the electrosurgical device can perform the three functionsusing only two buttons. Also, the example electrosurgical devices areconfigured so as not to activate unused electrodes. The featuresincrease the ergonomics of multipurpose electrosurgical devices.

Eliminating wires to the device reduces weight and increases flexibilityof the cable, which reduces strain on the surgeon's hand and wrist.Eliminating buttons for each function reduces confusion for the user.And reducing or eliminating the possibility of inadvertent activationprovides for less chance of inadvertent damage to tissue or the device.Other advantages are contemplated.

In one aspect, the disclosure relates to a multipurpose electrosurgicaldevice that is configurable in a bipolar mode and a monopolar mode usinga three-conductor electrical input. The device includes a switchingmechanism that provides signals corresponding with a first function,such as a cut function, and a second function, such as a coagulationfunction, in a monopolar mode. The switching mechanism also provides asignal corresponding with a third function, such as a hemostatic sealingfunction, in a bipolar mode. In one example of this device, theswitching mechanism includes only two switches to provide threefunctions.

In another aspect the disclosure relates to an electrosurgical devicethat can be coupled to an electrosurgical unit. The electrosurgicaldevice includes a handpiece, a switching mechanism, a first electrodetip and a second electrode tip. The first electrode tip is fixedlycoupled to the handpiece and selectively coupled to the switchingmechanism. The second electrode tip is transitionable between aretracted position and a protracted position with respect to thehandpiece. The second electrode tip is selectively coupled to theswitching mechanism in the protracted position, and the first electrodetip is selectively coupled to the switching mechanism when the secondelectrode tip is in the retracted position. In one example, the firstelectrode tip includes a monopolar electrode and the second electrodetip includes bipolar electrodes.

In another aspect, the disclosure relates to an electrosurgical devicethat can be coupled to an electrosurgical unit. The electrosurgicaldevice includes a first conductor, such as switch input, that can becoupled to an energy detection system in an electrosurgical device and asecond conductor, such as an active input, that can be coupled to asource of RF energy. The second conductor is operably configured to becoupled to an active electrode, such as an active bipolar electrode ormonopolar electrode via a switch mechanism. The monopolar electrode isactivated at a first monopolar RF energy level when the switch mechanismis used to electrically couple the first and second conductors via afirst circuit element. Also, the monopolar electrode is activated at asecond monopolar RF energy level when the switch mechanism is used toelectrically couple the first and second conductors via a second circuitelement. Further, the bipolar electrode is activated at a bipolar RFenergy level when the switch mechanism is used to electrically couplethe first and second conductors in a bipolar mode.

In still another aspect, the disclosure relates to a method ofselectively configuring an electrosurgical device for use in a bipolarmode and a monopolar mode. The method includes configuring the device ina monopolar such as by disposing a monopolar electrode blade distal moston the device. In one example, disposing the monopolar electrode bladeincludes attaching the monopolar blade to a handpiece. In anotherexample, disposing the monopolar electrode blade includes retractingbipolar electrodes into the handpiece. The method further includesactivating the monopolar electrode blade with a first RF energy, such asan energy corresponding with the cut function, using a first switch. Themonopolar electrode blade is activated with a second RF energy, such asan energy corresponding with the coagulation function, using a secondswitch. The method includes configuring the device in a bipolar modesuch as by attaching or extending bipolar electrodes distally from theelectrosurgical device. A third function, such as hemostatic sealing,can be affected by closing one of the switches.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a front view of an embodiment of a system according to thepresent disclosure including an example electrosurgical unit incombination with a fluid source and handheld electrosurgical device.

FIG. 2 is a graph of a bipolar radio frequency power output versusimpedance for the electrosurgical unit of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a graph of illustrating a relationship of radio frequencypower setting to fluid flow rate.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the example handheld electrosurgical deviceof FIG. 1.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an example electrosurgical device ofFIG. 4 having interchangeable monopolar and bipolar attachment tips.

FIG. 6 is an end view of the electrosurgical device of FIG. 5illustrating an interface configured to couple to the interchangeablemonopolar and bipolar attachment tips.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of another example of the handheldelectrosurgical device of FIG. 5 configured for use in a monopolar mode.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of another example of the handheldelectrosurgical device of FIG. 7 configured for use in a bipolar mode.

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a circuit diagram of a handheldelectrosurgical device of FIG. 4 including the bipolar and monopolarelectrode tips of the electrosurgical device of FIG. 5 in a firstexample.

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a circuit diagram of a handheldelectrosurgical device of FIG. 4 including the bipolar and monopolarelectrode tips of the electrosurgical device of FIG. 5 in a secondexample.

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a circuit diagram of a handheldelectrosurgical device of FIG. 4 including the bipolar and monopolarelectrode tips of the electrosurgical device of FIG. 5 in a thirdexample.

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a circuit diagram of a handheldelectrosurgical device of FIG. 4 including the bipolar and monopolarelectrode tips of the electrosurgical device of FIG. 5 in a fourthexample.

FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a circuit diagram of a handheldelectrosurgical device of FIG. 4 including the bipolar and monopolarelectrode tips of the electrosurgical device of FIG. 5 in a fifthexample.

FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a circuit diagram of a handheldelectrosurgical device of FIG. 4 including the bipolar and monopolarelectrode tips of the electrosurgical device of FIG. 5 in a sixthexample.

FIG. 15 is a schematic view of a circuit diagram of a handheldelectrosurgical device of FIG. 4 configured as a first example theelectrosurgical device of FIG. 8 in a bipolar mode.

FIG. 16 is a schematic view of a circuit diagram of a handheldelectrosurgical device of FIG. 4 configured as a first example theelectrosurgical device of FIG. 7 in a monopolar mode.

FIG. 17 is a schematic view of a circuit diagram of a handheldelectrosurgical device of FIG. 4 configured as a second example theelectrosurgical device of FIG. 8 in a bipolar mode.

FIG. 18 is a schematic view of a circuit diagram of a handheldelectrosurgical device of FIG. 4 configured as a second example theelectrosurgical device of FIG. 7 in a monopolar mode.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Throughout the description, like reference numerals and letters indicatecorresponding structure throughout the several views. Also, anyparticular features(s) of a particular exemplary embodiment may beequally applied to any other exemplary embodiment(s) of thisspecification as suitable. That is, features between the variousexemplary embodiments described herein are interchangeable as suitableand may not be exclusive. From the specification, it should be clearthat the terms “distal” and “proximal” are made in reference to a userof the device.

FIG. 1 illustrates a front view of one example of a system 60 thatincludes an electrosurgical unit 10 in combination with a fluid source20 and an example handheld electrosurgical device 30. The device 30 canbe a multipurpose device configurable for use in cutting and sealing,including electrocautery, coagulation, and hemostatic sealing of tissueincluding bone and configurable for use in both a monopolar and abipolar mode.

The system 60 can be carried on a movable cart 2 having a support member4 comprising a hollow cylindrical post which includes a platform 6comprising a pedestal table to provide a flat, stable surface forlocation of the electrosurgical unit 10. Cart 2 can include a pole 8having a height that can be adjusted by sliding the pole 8 up and down.Fluid source 20 can be supported at the top of pole 8.

Fluid source 20 may comprise a bag of fluid from which fluid 12 may flowthrough a drip chamber 14, to delivery tubing 16 and to handheldelectrosurgical device 30. In one example, the fluid 12 includes salineand can include physiologic saline such as sodium chloride (NaCl) 0.9%weight/volume solution. Saline is an electrically conductive fluid, andother suitable electrically conductive fluids can be used. In otherexamples, the fluid may include a nonconductive fluid, such as deionizedwater, which may still provide advantages over using no fluid and maysupport cooling of portions of electrosurgical device 30 and tissue orreducing the occurrence of tissue sticking to the electrosurgical device30.

The fluid delivery tubing 16 in the example passes through pump 22 toconvey fluid to the electrosurgical device 30 and control fluid flow.Pump 22 in one example is a peristaltic pump such as a rotaryperistaltic pump or a linear peristaltic pump. A peristaltic pump canconvey the fluid through the delivery tubing 16 by way of intermittentforces placed on the external surface of the delivery tubing.Peristaltic pumps are often applied during use of the electrosurgicaldevice 30 because the mechanical elements of the pump places forces onthe external surface of the delivery tubing and do not come into directcontact with the fluid, which can reduce the likelihood of fluidcontamination. Other examples of system 60 might not include a pump, andfluid can be is provided to the electrosurgical device 30 via gravity.

The example electrosurgical unit 10 is configured to provide bothmonopolar and bipolar radio-frequency (RF) power output to a specifiedelectrosurgical instrument such as electrosurgical device 30. In oneexample, the electrosurgical unit 10 can be used for delivery of RFenergy to instruments indicated for cutting and coagulation of softtissue and for delivery of RF energy concurrent with fluid toinstruments indicated for hemostatic sealing and coagulation of softtissue and bone. In one example, the electrosurgical unit 10 is capableof simultaneously powering specified monopolar and bipolarelectrosurgical instruments but may include a lock out featurepreventing both monopolar and bipolar output from being simultaneouslyactivated.

During monopolar operation of electrosurgical device 30, a firstelectrode, often referred to as the active electrode, is provided withelectrosurgical device 30 while a second electrode (not shown), oftenreferred to as the indifferent or neutral electrode, is provided in theform of a ground pad dispersive electrode located on a patient. Forexample, the ground pad dispersive electrode is typically on the back,buttocks, upper leg, or other suitable anatomical location duringsurgery. In such a configuration, the ground pad dispersive electrode isoften referred to as a patient return electrode. An electrical circuitof RF energy is formed between the active electrode and the ground paddispersive electrode through the patient.

During bipolar operation of electrosurgical device 30, a secondelectrode, often referred to as the return electrode providing a secondelectrical pole, is provided as part of the device 30. The ground paddispersive electrode is not used. An electrical circuit of RF energy iscreated between the first and second poles of the device 30. The currentno longer flows through the patient's body to the ground pad dispersiveelectrode, but rather through a localized portion of tissue between thepoles of the device 30.

The electrosurgical device 30 in the example is connected toelectrosurgical unit 10 via cable 24. Cable 24 includes first plug 34,second plug 36, and third plug 38 that connect with first receptacle 44,second receptacle 46, and third receptacle 48 on the electrosurgicaldevice, respectively. In one example, the first receptacle 44corresponds with a switch receptacle, the second receptacle 46corresponds with an active electrode receptacle, and the thirdreceptacle 48 corresponds with a return electrode receptacle. Whenelectrosurgical unit 10 may be used in monopolar mode, an additionalcable may connect a ground pad electrode to a ground pad receptacle ofthe electrosurgical unit 10. In some examples, delivery tubing 16 andcable 24 are combined to form a single cable.

The features of electrosurgical unit 10 described are for illustration,and the electrosurgical units suitable for use with device 30 mayinclude some, all, or other features than those described below. In oneexample, the electrosurgical unit is capable of operating in monopolarand bipolar modes as well as multiple functions with a mode such as amonopolar cutting function and a monopolar coagulation function. In someexamples, a monopolar device is capable of performing a monopolarhemostasis or tissue sealing function. In the monopolar cuttingfunction, monopolar RF energy is provided the device 30 at a first powerlevel and/or a first waveform (collectively first RF energy level). Forexample, RF energy for a cut function may be provided at a relativelylow voltage and a continuous current (100% on, or 100% duty cycle).Nominal impedance can range between 300 to 1000 ohms for the cuttingfunction. At a power setting of 90 Watts for cutting, voltage can rangefrom approximately 164 to 300 volts root mean square (RMS). In themonopolar coagulation function, monopolar RF is energy is provided tothe electrode at a second power level and/or second waveform(collectively second or coagulation RF energy level) that is differentthan at least one of the first power level or the first waveform. Forexample, RF energy for a coagulation function may be provided at arelatively higher voltage than the cut voltage and with a pulsedcurrent, such as 1% to 6% on and 99% to 94% off, respectively (or 1% to6% duty cycle). Other duty cycles are contemplated. The electrosurgicalunit 10 in the bipolar mode may provide bipolar RF energy at a thirdpower level and/or third waveform (collectively third RF energy level)to the device 30 along with a fluid for a (generally low voltage)hemostasis or tissue sealing function that may the same as or differentthan the cutting and coagulation RF settings provided to the device 30for the cut function or the coagulation function. In one example,hemostatic sealing energy can be provided with a continuous current(100% duty cycle). Nominal impedance can range between 100 to 400 ohmsfor the hemostatic sealing function. At a power setting of 90 Watts forhemostatic sealing, voltage can range from approximately 95 to 200 voltsRMS.

In one example, the unit 10 provides RF energy to the active electrodeas a signal having a frequency in the range of 100 KHz to 10 MHz.Typically this energy is applied in the form of bursts of pulses. Eachburst typically has a duration in the range of 10 microseconds to 1millisecond. The individual pulses in each burst typically each have aduration of 0.1 to 10 microseconds with an interval between pulses of0.1 to 10 microseconds. The actual pulses are often sinusoidal or squarewaves and bi-phasic, that is alternating positive and negativeamplitudes. Several other features are described in U.S. Pat. No.8,323,276, to Palanker et al., and incorporated by reference herein inits entirety to the extent it is not inconsistent with the presentdisclosure.

The electrical surgical unit 10 includes a power switch to turn the uniton and off and an RF power setting display to display the RF powersupplied to the electrosurgical device 30. The power setting display candisplay the RF power setting numerically in a selected unit such aswatts.

The example electrosurgical unit 10 includes an RF power selectorcomprising RF power setting switches that are used to select or adjustthe RF power setting. A user can push one power setting switch toincrease the RF power setting and push the other power setting switch todecrease the RF power setting. In one example, power setting switchesare membrane switches, soft keys, or as part of a touchscreen. Inanother example, the electrosurgical unit may include more than onepower selectors such as a power selector for monopolar power selectionand a power selector for bipolar power selection. The electrosurgicalunit can also include an RF power activation display having an indicatorlight that can illuminate when the RF power is activated either via ahand switch on the device 30, a foot switch, or other switch.

The example electrosurgical unit 10 also includes fluid flow ratesetting display and flow rate setting selector. The display can includeindicator lights, and the flow rate selector can include switches.Pushing one of the flow rate switches selects a fluid flow rate, whichis than indicated in display.

Device 30 can be primed with fluid 12 prior to beginning a surgicalprocedure. Priming may be desirable to inhibit activating the RF powerwithout the presence of fluid 12. The example electrosurgical device 10can also include a priming switch 70 to initiate priming of the device30. In one example, the depressing the priming switch will operate thepump for a predetermined amount of time or fluid flow to prime thedevice 30. After the device 30 has been primed, the pump 22 may shut offautomatically.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example bipolar RF power output versus impedancefor the electrosurgical unit 10. Impedance Z is indicated in units ofohms on the X-axis and output power Po is indicated in units of watts onthe Y-axis. The bipolar power (RF) setting Ps for the electrosurgicaldevice 10 is selected at 200 watts in the example. As illustrated, thepower output Po for the selected power setting Ps generally remainsconstant for an impedance Z between the low impedance cut-off of 30 ohmsand the high impedance cut-off of 120 ohms. Below an impedance Z of 30ohms, the output power Po for the selected power setting Ps willdecrease; and above an impedance Z of 120 ohms, the output power Po forthe selected power setting Ps will increase.

Electrosurgical unit 10 can be configured to include control of the pump22. In this example, the speed of the pump 22, and the fluid throughput,can be predetermined based on input variables such as the RF powersetting and the fluid flow rate setting. In one example, the pump 22 canbe integrated with the electrosurgical unit 10.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example functional relationship of fluid flow rateQ in units of cubic centimeters per minute (cc/min) on the Y-axis and RFpower setting Ps in units of watts on the X-axis. While not being boundto a particular theory, the relationship between the variables can beconfigured to inhibit undesired effects such as tissue desiccation,electrode sticking, smoke production, char formation, and other effectswhile not providing a fluid flow rate Q at a corresponding RF powersetting Ps not so great as to disperse too much electricity and oroverly cool the tissue at the electrode/tissue interface.Electrosurgical unit 10 is configured to increase the fluid flow rate Qgenerally linearly with an increasing RF power setting Ps for each ofthe three fluid flow rate settings of low, medium, and highcorresponding to Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, respectively.

In examples of system 60 that do not include a pump for fluid 12, theremay not be a preset functional relationship between fluid flow rate Qand RF power setting Ps stored in electrosurgical unit 10. Rather thanthe fluid flow rate Q being automatically controlled by theelectrosurgical unit 10 based on RF power setting Ps, the fluid flowrate Q may be manually controlled, such as by the user of the device 30or another clinician with a roller or pinch clamp or other clampprovided with system 60 and configured to act upon and compress thetubing 16 to control flow.

While multipurpose electrosurgical surgical device 30 is described withreference to electrosurgical unit 10 and other elements of system 60, itshould understood the description of the combination is for the purposesof illustrating system 60. It may be possible to use the multipurposeelectrosurgical device 30 in other systems or the electrosurgical unit10 may be used with other electrosurgical devices.

FIG. 4 illustrates a block diagram of the exemplary multipurposeelectrosurgical device 30 constructed in accordance with the disclosure.The device 30 includes an cable input 80 that includes electricalconnections to electrically communicate with the electrosurgical unit10, a switching mechanism 82 to select a particular mode and function ofthe device, electrode tips 84 to deliver RF energy to the tissue, and aninterface 86 to couple the electrode tips 84 to the switching mechanism82. For example, device 30 may be operable in a bipolar mode andmonopolar mode and may include two functions, such as a cut function anda coagulation function, in the monopolar mode.

In one example, the device 30 receives three electrical connections atthe cable input 80 including a switch input 94, an active input 96, anda return input 98 at the distal end 88 of the cable 24 that correspondwith first plug 34, second plug 36, and third 38 at the proximal end ofthe cable 24. In one example, the device receives only three electricalconnections 94, 96, 98. The cable input 80 can also include a fluidinput 102 that can be configured to be in fluid communication with thedelivery tubing 16 to receive fluid 12 at the device 30.

The electrode tips 84 include bipolar electrodes 122 and a monopolarelectrode 124, such as an electrode blade. The bipolar electrodes 122are selected to configure the device 30 to operate in bipolar mode, andthe monopolar electrode blade 124 is selected to configure the device inmonopolar mode. The electrode tips 84 can include a fluid port 104 influid communication with the fluid input 102 when the bipolar electrode122 is selected.

In one example, the device includes two or more interchangeable andremovable electrode tips 84. For example, interchangeable and removableelectrode tips can include one or more bipolar electrode tips 122 andone or more monopolar electrode blades 124 of various sizes andconfigurations depending on the surgical application or otherpreferences such as longer electrodes, shorter electrodes, widerelectrodes, electrodes of a specific shape, and so on. When a bipolarelectrode tip is attached to the interface 86 and electrically coupledto the cable input 80, the device 30 is operated in a bipolar mode andcan receive bipolar RF energy from the electrosurgical unit 10. When amonopolar electrode is attached to the interface 86 and electricallycoupled to the cable input 80, the device 30 is operable in monopolarmode and can receive monopolar RF energy from the electrosurgical unit10. In some examples, the device 30 can include a holder to receive theunused electrode tip or tips so as to be readily available when theoperator wishes to switch modes.

In another example, the electrode tips 84 are attached to the device 30and not removable. The electrode tips 84 can be positioned with respectto the device 30 to be selectively operable in either a bipolar ormonopolar mode. For example, if the surgeon wishes to operate the device30 in a bipolar mode, bipolar electrodes 122 are positioned to be on thedistal most end of the device. If instead the surgeon wishes to operatethe device 30 in a monopolar mode, monopolar electrode blade 124 ispositioned to be on the distal most end of the device.

The switch mechanism 82 is electrically coupled to the cable input 80including the switch input 94, active input 96, and return input 98, andselectively applies RF electrical energy depending on the mode chosenvia the electrode tips 84. For example, the switch mechanism 82 caninclude circuit elements 126 used in cooperation with the electrode tips84 to detect whether the device 30 is to be operated in bipolar mode orin monopolar mode and to select the particular function in monopolarmode. The switch mechanism 82 includes switch 128 to selectively applyRF energy received from the cable input 80 to the electrode tips 84depending on the mode and function selected.

In one example, the switch mechanism 82 provides a first signal, such asa cut signal, to the electrosurgical unit 10 to receive monopolar RFenergy for a first function, such as the cut function, if the device 30is configured in a monopolar mode. The switch mechanism 82 can alsoprovide a second signal, such as a coagulation signal, to theelectrosurgical unit 10 receive monopolar RF energy for a secondfunction, such as the coagulation function, if the device 30 isconfigured in a monopolar mode. Additionally, the switch mechanism 82can provide a third signal, such a bipolar signal, to electrosurgicalunit 10 receive bipolar RF energy if the device 30 is configured in abipolar mode.

In one example, the switch 128 includes two switches 112, 114, where oneswitch 112 selects the cut function and activates the monopolarelectrode blade 124 with the corresponding monopolar RF energy for thecut function and the other switch 114 selects the coagulation functionand activate the monopolar electrode blade 124 with the correspondingmonopolar RF energy for the coagulation function. One or both of theswitches 112, 114 can be used to activate the bipolar electrodes 122with the bipolar RF energy.

The interface 86 includes electrical contacts to electrically couple theswitch mechanism 82 to the electrode tips 84. In one example, theinterface includes at least four electrical contacts, as described belowsuch as four electrical contacts for removable and interchangeableelectrode tips 84 and five electrical contacts for non-removableelectrode tips 84. Additionally, the interface may include a fluidcoupling to couple the fluid input 102 to the fluid port 104 when thedevice 30 is configured in bipolar mode. The interface 86 can alsoinclude features to hold the electrode tips 84 in position duringoperation, such as a mechanical connection that can releasably lock theelectrode tips 84 in position while in either the monopolar mode orbipolar mode.

FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary multipurpose electrosurgical device 230constructed in accordance with the electrosurgical device 30 describedabove and on longitudinal axis A. The device 230 includes a handpiece250 and at least two electrode tips 284 including a bipolar electrodetip 208 and monopolar electrode tip 210. In one example, the handpiece250 includes the cable input 80, switch mechanism 82, and interface 86described above. The electrode tips 284 can correspond with electrodetips 84 described above. The bipolar electrode tip 208 is connected tothe handpiece 250 to operate the device in bipolar mode, and themonopolar tip 210 is connected to the handpiece 250 to operate thedevice in the multiple functions of the monopolar mode.

The handpiece 250 includes a handle 252, a proximal end 254, and aninterface end 256. The proximal end 254 includes a cable input 280configured to receive the distal end 88 of cable 24. For example, theproximal end 254 receives cable for electrical connections 94, 96, 98located within the handpiece 250 as well as fluid delivery tubing 16. Insome examples, the proximal end 254 can includes a strain relief 256attached to the distal end 88 of the cable 24.

Handpiece 250 may be configured to enable a user of device 230 to holdand manipulate device 230 between the thumb and index finger like awriting instrument or an electrosurgical pen. Handpiece 250 may comprisea sterilizable, rigid, electrically insulative material, such as asynthetic polymer (e.g., polycarbonate,acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene). The handle 252 can include a lowersurface, or bottom B, and an upper surface, or top T.

The interface end 256 can be configured on the distal end of thehandpiece 250 and include electrical contacts 260 to mate withelectrical contacts 270 on the electrode tips 284. The interface end 256can also include a sleeve 272 extending axially from the handpiece 250configured to receive the edges of the electrode tips 284 and protectthe electrical contacts 260, 270 from exposure during operation. Theinterface end 256 can be configured to guide the electrode tips 284 tomate with the electrical contacts 260 with the corresponding electricalcontacts 270 on the electrode tips 284 to facilitate connection. Theinterface end 256 can also include a mechanical fastening system toremovably attach the handpiece 250 to the electrode tips 284. In oneexample, the sleeve 272 can provide an interference or frictional fitagainst the electrode tips 284. The surgeon can remove or replace theelectrode tip 284 by tugging apart the handpiece 250 from the electrodetip 284. In another example, the sleeve 272 can include a first portionof clip mechanism that mates with a second portion of a clip mechanismon the electrode tips 284. In this example, the second portion of theclip mechanism (or, in an alternative example, the first portion of theclip mechanism) can be squeezed to allow the electrode tip 284 to bepulled from the sleeve 272. The sides of the squeezable portion of theclip mechanism can include grips to aid in locating the clip mechanism.

The electrode tips 284 can include a body portion and an electrodeportion extending distally from the body portion. The body portion canbe configured to fit against the interface end 256 of the handpiece 250.In one example, the body portion of the electrode tips can includeelectrical contacts 270 to mate with electrical contacts 260 on theinterface end 256. The body portion can be formed from a materialsimilar to the handpiece 250, or other material, such that the surgeoncan grasp the body portion instead of the electrode portion wheninstalling or removing the electrode tips 284 from the handpiece 250.The electrode tips 284 can include electrical conductors or circuitelements and electrical conductors that, when coupled to the switchmechanism 82 included in the handpiece 250, select and transfer theappropriate electrical energy to from the electrosurgical unit 10 to theelectrode portion.

The bipolar electrode tip 208 includes body portion 208 a and electrodeportion 208 b extending distally from a distal face 209 of the bodyportion 208 a. The body portion 208 a can include an internal fluidlumen in communication with delivery tubing 16 and having a fluid outletport, such as fluid outlet port 204 on distal face 209. Electrodeportion 208 b comprises two electrode tips 220 a, 220 b for treatingtissue. Electrode tips 220 a, 220 b extend from the body portion 208 aand, in the example, include blunt, rounded tips having distal-mostelectrode ends 222 a, 222 b, respectively. Distal-most electrode ends222 a, 222 b may provide smooth continuous surfaces and in one exampleare devoid of points or edges. Electrode tips 220 a, 220 b may beconfigured to optimize tissue sealing or coagulation in conjunction withdelivery of fluid or for a particular application or anatomicalgeometry. In one example, the electrode tips 220 a, 220 b may beremovable from the body portion 208 a and selectable to suit aparticular design configuration or application.

The monopolar electrode tip 210 includes body portion 210 a andelectrode portion 210 b extending distally from a distal face 211 of thebody portion 210 a. The monopolar electrode portion 210 b includes ablade tip 232 that may taper to form a sharp or razor-like blade. In oneexample, the monopolar electrode tip 210 can include an interchangeableelectrode portion 210 b that can be removed from the body portion 210 a.The interchangeable electrode portion 210 b can be selected to include aparticular design configuration suitable for the application. In oneexample, the interchangeable electrode portion 210 b can include ablade-like configuration. In another example, the interchangeableelectrode portion 210 b can include a blunt tip. The monopolar electrodeportion 210 b can include a conductor electrically coupled to andproximal to the blade tip 232 that is configured to mate with aconductor in the body portion 210 a. Other configurations arecontemplated including multiple monopolar electrodes.

The handpiece 250 includes a switch mechanism 282 to complete anelectrical circuit between the conductors of cable input 280. In oneexample, the switch mechanism 282 includes push buttons 212 and 214projecting from the upper surface or top T of the handle 252. Pushbuttons 212, 214 comprise hand switch assemblies for forming a closedcircuit that can be sensed by an electrosurgical unit, such aselectrosurgical unit 10, to selectively provide at least threevariations of monopolar power and bipolar power.

For example, when the device 230 is configured in monopolar mode, suchas monopolar tip 210 is electrically coupled to the interface end 256,one pushbutton 212 is depressed so monopolar RF energy correspondingwith the cut function is provided to the blade tip 232. Also, when thedevice 230 is configured in monopolar mode, the other pushbutton 214 isdepressed so monopolar RF energy corresponding with the coagulationfunction is provided to the blade tip 232.

When the device 230 is configured in bipolar mode, such as bipolar tip208 is electrically coupled to the interface end 256, one or both ofpushbuttons 212, 214 can be depressed to select bipolar RF energycorresponding with the bipolar hemostatic sealing function and providebipolar RF energy to the electrode tips 220 a, 220 b. In an examplewhere just one pushbutton activates the bipolar tip 208, the otherpushbutton can leave the electrode tips 220 a, 220 b inactive.

FIG. 6 illustrates the interface end 256 of device 230 as viewed on axisA. Interface end 256 in the example includes four exposed femaleelectrical connections 262, 264, 266, 268 that can correspond with oneor more male electrical connections on the electrode tips 208, 210. Theone or more electrode connection on electrode tip are electricallyconnected to electrode tips 220 a, 220 b via one or more internalconductors. Similarly, two or more electrical conductors on monopolarelectrode tip 210 are electrically connected to blade tip 232 viainternal conductors. Alternatively, the interface end 256 can includemale conductors that are configured to mate with female connectors onthe electrode tips 208, 210. The male/female connections can serve tohold the electrode tips 208, 210 in place with respect to the handpiece250. If other electrical contacts are used to transfer electrical energyfrom the handpiece 250 to the electrode tips 208, 210, the handpiece 250may include a mechanical locking mechanism to hold the electrode tips208, 210 in place. The interface end 256 can also include fluidconnection 206 in fluid communication with delivery tubing 16 that isfluidly coupleable to a fluid lumen in the bipolar electrode tip 208.The monopolar electrode tip 210 can include a plug configured to sealthe fluid connection 206.

FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate an exemplary multipurpose electrosurgicaldevice 330 also constructed in accordance with the electrosurgicaldevice 30 described above in FIG. 4. For example, the device 330includes the cable input 80, switch mechanism 82, electrode tips 84, andinterface 86 as described above.

Further, like parts with electrosurgical device 230 are labeled withlike reference numerals. For example, electrosurgical device 330 caninclude the features of the handpiece 250 including the handle 252,proximal end 254, and strain relief 256. The proximal end 254 includes acable input 280 configured to receive the distal end 88 of cable 24 andincludes electrical connections 94, 96, 98 located within the handpiece250 as well as fluid delivery tubing 16. The handle 252 can include alower surface, or bottom B, and an upper surface, or top T.Additionally, the handpiece 250 includes a switch mechanism 282 tocomplete an electrical circuit between the conductors of cable input280. In one example, the switch mechanism 282 includes push buttons 212and 214 projecting from the upper surface or top T of the handle 252.Push buttons 212, 214 comprise hand switch assemblies for forming aclosed circuit that can be sensed by an electrosurgical unit toselectively provide at least three variations of monopolar power andbipolar power as described above.

Rather than interchangeable electrode tips, however, the electrosurgicaldevice 330 includes a retractable, or extendable, bipolar electrodeshaft 308. The handpiece 250 of device 330 includes a distal end 352with a monopolar electrode tip 310 and an opening 354. The monopolarelectrode tip 310 in the example is fixed with respect to the handpiece250, and the bipolar electrode shaft 308 is axially moveable withrespect to the handpiece 250 through the opening 354. The monopolarelectrode tip 310 includes blade 332 that may be shaped to form a sharpor razor-like blade. The bipolar electrode shaft 308 can be moved withrespect to the handpiece 250 via a mechanism such as an attached thumblever, not shown, and the handpiece/shaft combination can include amechanism to releasably lock the bipolar electrode shaft 308 in theretracted and extended positions.

The bipolar electrode shaft 308 comprises a body 360 having first andsecond ends 362, 364, respectively and laterally opposed side surfaces366 a, 366 b, joined by lateral edges 368 a, 368 b that may includerounded or chamfered edges configured so as to minimize or avoidinadvertent damage to tissue. In the example, sides 366 a, 366 bcomprise substantially flat or planar surfaces. First end 362 includes adistal face that may include a fluid outlet port 304 in fluidcommunication with an internal lumen that is in fluid communication withdelivery tubing 16. Alternatively, the sides 366 a, 366 b and/or edges368 a, 368 b can include or also include fluid outlet ports fordispersing fluid.

Electrode tips 320 a, 320 b extend from the body portion 360 and, in theexample, include blunt, rounded tips having distal-most electrode ends322 a, 322 b, respectively. Distal-most electrode ends 322 a, 322 b mayprovide smooth continuous surfaces and in one example are devoid ofpoints or edges. Electrode tips 320 a, 320 b may be configured tooptimize tissue sealing or coagulation in conjunction with delivery offluid 12 or for a particular application or anatomical geometry.

FIG. 7 illustrates the device 330 configured in a monopolar mode withthe bipolar electrode shaft 322 retracted into the handpiece and themonopolar electrode blade 332 extends distally from the device 330. Inthe monopolar configuration, the monopolar electrode blade 332 iselectrically coupled through the interface (disposed within the device330 in this example), corresponding with interface 86, with theswitching mechanism having components located within the device 330 andthe electrosurgical unit. In monopolar mode, pressing pushbutton 212provides monopolar RF energy corresponding with the cut function to theblade tip 332. Also, when the device 330 is configured in monopolarmode, pressing the other pushbutton 214 provides monopolar RF energycorresponding with the coagulation function to the blade tip 232. Thebipolar electrodes ends 322 a, 322 b are deactivated in the monopolarconfiguration.

In the example device 330, bipolar electrode ends 322 a, 322 b areretracted within the handpiece 250 while in monopolar modeconfiguration. Other configurations are possible, and the electrode ends322 a, 322 b can remain partially extended from handpiece 250 butdisposed away, such as proximally, from the monopolar blade 332.

FIG. 8 illustrates the device 330 configured in a bipolar mode with thebipolar electrode shaft 322 protracted from the handpiece 250 to extenddistally past the monopolar electrode blade 234. In the bipolarconfiguration, the monopolar electrode blade 334 is deactivated and oneor both of pushbuttons 212, 214 can be depressed to activate the bipolarelectrodes and dispense fluid 12 from the fluid port 304.

Electrodes and electrically conductive paths and contacts inelectrosurgical devices 230, 330, can be formed from electricallyconductive material such as metal and may comprise stainless steel,titanium, gold, silver, platinum or any other suitable material.Electrical pathways within the devices 230, 330 can be formed as wires,traces, or other pathways.

Other configurations of device 330 are contemplated, such as a devicehaving bipolar electrode ends being fixed with respect to the handpiece250 with the monopolar blade on a retractable/extendable shaft.

FIGS. 9-18 illustrate electrical schematics of examples ofelectrosurgical device 30. In particular, FIGS. 9-14 illustrateelectrical schematics of examples of electrosurgical device 430 a, 430b, 430 c, 430 d, 430 e, 430 f corresponding with the electrosurgicaldevice 230 having interchangeable electrode tips. Also, FIGS. 15-18illustrate electrical schematics of examples of electrosurgical device530 a, 530 b corresponding with electrosurgical device 330 havingretractable bipolar electrodes. These examples illustrateelectrosurgical devices including a first conductor coupled to an energydetection system, such as switch input 94, a second conductor coupled toa source of RF energy, such as active input 96. The second conductor isoperably configured to be coupled to an active electrode, such asbipolar electrode 122 or monopolar electrode 124 via a switch mechanism,such as switch mechanism 82. The monopolar electrode is activated at afirst monopolar RF energy level when the switch mechanism is used toelectrically couple the first and second conductors via a first circuitelement. Also, the monopolar electrode is activated at a secondmonopolar RF energy level when the switch mechanism is used toelectrically couple the first and second conductors via a second circuitelement. Further, the bipolar electrode is activated at a bipolar RFenergy level when the switch mechanism is used to electrically couplethe first and second conductors in a bipolar mode.

The electrosurgical device 30 uses the circuit elements to cooperatewith the electrosurgical unit 10 to detect the selected mode, i.e.,either bipolar or monopolar, and the selected function, i.e., either cutor coagulation, within the monopolar mode. In one example, theelectrosurgical unit includes a ladder topology to detect which switchhas been closed, or button has been depressed, on the electrosurgicalunit 30. The electrosurgical unit in this example uses three differentimpedances to determine the mode and function selected. In one example,the electrosurgical unit uses a generally 0 ohm resistance to indicatethe device 30 is configured in a bipolar mode for hemostatic sealing andfluid delivery, a generally 69.8 ohm resistance to indicate the device30 is in a monopolar mode at a first function, such as a coagulationfunction, and a generally 200 ohm resistance to indicate the device 30is in a monopolar mode at a second function, such as a cut function.Other resistance values or circuit elements can be used, and theexamples below are shown for illustration.

FIGS. 9-14 include example electrosurgical devices 430 a, 430 b, 430 c,430 d, 430 e, 430 f respectively. Each of electrosurgical devices 430 a,430 b, 430 c, 430 d, 430 e, 430 f include switch input 494, an activeinput 496, and a return input 498, which generally correspond withinputs 94, 96, 98, respectively, of device 30. Example devices 430 a,430 b, 430 c, 430 d, 430 e, 430 f also include switch mechanisms 482 a,482 b, 482 c, 482 d, 482 e, 482 f respectively, each having twoswitches, i.e. cut switch 412 and coagulation switch 414, coupled inparallel with switch input 494. Example devices 430 a, 430 b, 430 c, 430d also include interface 486 a, 486 b, 486 c, 486 d, 486 e, 486 frespectively, each including four interface connections, i.e. cut switchconnection 462, coagulation switch connection 464, active connection466, and return connection 468. Further, each of example devices 430 a,430 b, 430 c, 430 d, 430 e, 430 f include a first circuit element 436,such as a 200 ohm cut resistor, and a second circuit element 438, suchas a 69.8 ohm coagulation resistor for use in a monopolar mode.

FIG. 9 illustrates example device 430 a having inputs 480 a, switchmechanism 482 a, interface 486 a, and electrode tips 484 a configured towork with switch mechanism 482 a. Switch mechanism 482 a includes a cutswitch 412 and cut resistor 436 coupled in series between the switchinput 494 and active input 496. In the example illustrated, the cutswitch connection 462 is electrically coupled between the cut switch 412and the cut resistor 436. Switch mechanism 482 a also includes acoagulation switch 414 and coagulation resistor 438 coupled in seriesbetween the switch input 494 and the active input 496. In the exampleillustrated, the coagulation switch connection 464 is electricallycoupled between the coagulation switch 414 and the coagulation resistor438. Also, the active input 496 is directly coupled to the activeconnection 466, and the return input 498 is directly coupled to thereturn connection 468.

Example device 430 a further includes a monopolar electrode tip 410 aconfigured to operate the device 430 a in a monopolar mode. Themonopolar electrode tip 410 a includes a monopolar electrode blade tip432 a and a single electrical connection 450 a configured to mate withthe active connection 466. The monopolar electrode tip 410 a does notinclude an electrical connection for the return connection 468.Additionally, the monopolar electrode tip 410 a does not include anelectrical connection for the cut connection 462 and the coagulationconnection 464.

When the monopolar electrode tip 410 a is coupled to the interface 486 aas described, closing the cut switch 412 provides an electrical signalbetween the switch input 494 and the active input 496 through the cutresistor 436 to indicate to the electrosurgical unit 10 that the device430 a is to be operated in a cut function of the monopolar mode.Accordingly, the first RF energy level corresponding with a cut functionis provided to the active input 496 and thus to the monopolar electrodeblade tip 432 a and returned through the tissue via a ground dispersiveelectrode (not shown).

When the monopolar electrode tip 410 a is coupled to the interface 486 aas described, closing the coagulation switch 414 provides an electricalsignal between the switch input 494 and the active input 496 through thecoagulation resistor 438 to indicate to the electrosurgical unit 10 thatthe device 430 a is to be operated in a coagulation function of themonopolar mode. Accordingly, the second RF energy level correspondingwith a coagulation function is provided to the active input 496 and thusto the monopolar electrode blade tip 432 a and returned through thetissue via a ground dispersive electrode (not shown).

Example device 430 a further includes a bipolar electrode tip 408 aconfigured to operate the device 430 a in a bipolar mode. The bipolarelectrode tip 408 a includes a active electrode tip 422 a electricallycoupled via conductors to three electrical connections 470 a, 472 a, 474a configured to mate with the cut connection 462, coagulation connection464, and active connection 466, respectively. The bipolar electrode tip408 a further includes a return electrode end 422 b electrically coupledvia a conductor to a return connection 476 a configured to mate with thereturn connection 468.

When the bipolar electrode tip 408 a is coupled to the interface 486 aas described, closing either the cut switch 412 or the coagulationswitch 414 will provide an electrical signal directly between the switchinput 494 and the active input 496, i.e., the connection willelectrically short or include a resistance of about 0 ohms, to indicateto the electrosurgical unit 10 that the device 430 a is to be operatedin a bipolar mode. Accordingly, the third RF energy level correspondingwith a bipolar mode is provided to the active input 496 and thus to thefirst electrode end 422 a and returned through the tissue via the secondelectrode end 422 b.

Electrosurgical device 430 a can also be operated in bipolar mode withalternative electrode tips and, albeit with limited functionality.

For example, a bipolar electrode tip can includes an active electrodetip 422 a electrically coupled via conductors to electrical connectionsconfigured to mate with coagulation connection 464 and active connection466, instead of three electrical connections. The bipolar electrode tipfurther includes a return electrode end 422 b electrically coupled via aconductor to a return connection configured to mate with the returnconnection 468. When the bipolar electrode tip is coupled to theinterface as described, closing the coagulation switch 414 will providean electrical signal directly between the switch input 494 and theactive input 496, i.e., the connection will electrically short orinclude a resistance of about 0 ohms, to indicate to the electrosurgicalunit 10 that the device 430 a is to be operated in a bipolar mode.Accordingly, the third RF energy level corresponding with a bipolar modeis provided to the active input 496 and thus to the first electrode end422 a and returned through the tissue via the second electrode end 422b. The bipolar electrode tip will not be activated if the cut switch 412is closed.

Another bipolar electrode tip of limited functionality includes anactive electrode tip 422 a electrically coupled via conductors toelectrical connection configured to mate with cut connection 462 andactive connection 466 instead of three electrical connections. Thebipolar electrode tip further includes a return electrode end 422 belectrically coupled via a conductor to a return connection configuredto mate with the return connection 468. When the bipolar electrode tipis coupled to the interface 486 a as described, closing the cut switch412 will provide an electrical signal directly between the switch input494 and the active input 496, i.e., the connection will electricallyshort or include a resistance of about 0 ohms, to indicate to theelectrosurgical unit 10 that the device 430 a is to be operated in abipolar mode. Accordingly, the third RF energy level corresponding witha bipolar mode is provided to the active input 496 and thus to the firstelectrode end 422 a and returned through the tissue via the secondelectrode end 422 b. The bipolar electrode tip 428 a will not beactivated if the coagulation switch 414 is closed.

FIG. 10 illustrates example device 430 b having inputs 480 b, switchmechanism 482 b, interface 486 b, and electrode tips 484 b configured towork with switch mechanism 482 b. Switch mechanism 482 b includes a cutswitch 412 and cut resistor 436 coupled in series between the switchinput 494 and cut switch connection 462. Switch mechanism 482 b alsoincludes a coagulation switch 414 and coagulation resistor 438 coupledin series between the switch input 494 and the active input 496. In theexample illustrated, the coagulation switch connection 464 iselectrically coupled between the coagulation switch 414 and thecoagulation resistor 438. Also, the active input 496 is directly coupledto the active connection 466, and the return input 498 is directlycoupled to the return connection 468.

Example device 430 b further includes a monopolar electrode tip 410 bconfigured to operate the device 430 b in a monopolar mode. Themonopolar electrode tip 410 b includes a monopolar electrode blade tip432 b is electrically coupled to a first electrical connection 450 bconfigured to mate with the active connection 466 and a secondelectrical connection 452 b configured to mate with the cut connection462. The monopolar electrode tip 410 b does not include an electricalconnection for the return connection 468. Additionally, the monopolarelectrode tip 410 b does not include an electrical connection for thecoagulation connection 464.

When the monopolar electrode tip 410 b is coupled to the interface 486 bas described, closing the cut switch 412 provides an electrical signalbetween the switch input 494 and the active input 496 through the cutresistor 436 to indicate to the electrosurgical unit 10 that the device430 b is to be operated in a cut function of the monopolar mode.Accordingly, the first RF energy level corresponding with a cut functionis provided to the active input 496 and thus to the monopolar electrodeblade tip 432 b and returned through the tissue via a ground dispersiveelectrode (not shown).

When the monopolar electrode tip 410 b is coupled to the interface 486 bas described, closing the coagulation switch 414 provides an electricalsignal between the switch input 494 and the active input 496 through thecoagulation resistor 438 to indicate to the electrosurgical unit 10 thatthe device 430 b is to be operated in a coagulation function of themonopolar mode. Accordingly, the second RF energy level correspondingwith a coagulation function is provided to the active input 496 and thusto the monopolar electrode blade tip 432 b and returned through thetissue via a ground dispersive electrode (not shown).

Example device 430 b further includes a bipolar electrode tip 408 bconfigured to operate the device 430 b in a bipolar mode. The bipolarelectrode tip 410 b includes an active electrode tip 422 a electricallycoupled via conductors to two electrical connections 470 b, 472 bconfigured to mate with the coagulation connection 464 and activeconnection 466, respectively. The bipolar electrode tip 408 b furtherincludes a return electrode end 422 b electrically coupled via aconductor to a return connection 476 b configured to mate with thereturn connection 468.

When the bipolar electrode tip 408 b is coupled to the interface 486 bas described, closing the coagulation switch 414 will provide anelectrical signal directly between the switch input and the activeinput, i.e., the connection will electrically short or include aresistance of about 0 ohms, to indicate to the electrosurgical unit 10that the device 430 b is to be operated in a bipolar mode. Accordingly,the third RF energy level corresponding with a bipolar mode is providedto the active input and thus to the first electrode end 422 a andreturned through the tissue via the second electrode end 422 b. In theexample of bipolar electrode tip 408 b, closing the cut switch 412 willnot active the device 430 b.

FIG. 11 illustrates example device 430 c having inputs 480 c, switchmechanism 482 c, interface 486 c, and electrode tips 484 c configured towork with switch mechanism 482 c. Switch mechanism 482 c includes a cutswitch 412 coupled in series between the switch input 494 and cut switchconnection 462. Switch mechanism 482 c also includes a coagulationswitch 414 and coagulation resistor 438 coupled in series between theswitch input 494 and the active input 496. In the example illustrated,the coagulation switch connection 464 is electrically coupled betweenthe coagulation switch 414 and the coagulation resistor 438. Also, theactive input 496 is directly coupled to the active connection 466, andthe return input 498 is directly coupled to the return connection 468.

Example device 430 c further includes a monopolar electrode tip 410 cconfigured to operate the device 430 c in a monopolar mode. Themonopolar electrode tip 410 c includes a monopolar electrode blade tip432 c is electrically coupled to a first electrical connection 450 cconfigured to mate with the active connection 466 and a secondelectrical connection 452 c configured to mate with the cut connection462 via a cut resistor 436. The monopolar electrode tip 410 c does notinclude an electrical connection for the return connection 468.Additionally, the monopolar electrode tip 410 c does not include anelectrical connection for the coagulation connection 464. In oneexample, the cut resistor 436 can be disposed within the monopolar bodyportion 210 a of FIG. 5.

When the monopolar electrode tip 410 c is coupled to the interface 486 cas described, closing the cut switch 412 provides an electrical signalbetween the switch input 494 and the active input 496 through the cutresistor 436 in the electrode tip 410 c to indicate to theelectrosurgical unit 10 that the device 430 c is to be operated in a cutfunction of the monopolar mode. Accordingly, the first RF energy levelcorresponding with a cut function is provided to the active input 496and thus to the monopolar electrode blade tip 432 c and returned throughthe tissue via a ground dispersive electrode (not shown).

When the monopolar electrode tip 410 c is coupled to the interface 486 cas described, closing the coagulation switch 414 provides an electricalsignal between the switch input 494 and the active input 496 through thecoagulation resistor 438 in the switch mechanism 482 c to indicate tothe electrosurgical unit 10 that the device 430 c is to be operated in acoagulation function of the monopolar mode. Accordingly, the second RFenergy level corresponding with a coagulation function is provided tothe active input 496 and thus to the monopolar electrode blade tip 432 cand returned through the tissue via a ground dispersive electrode (notshown).

Example device 430 c further includes a bipolar electrode tip 408 cconfigured to operate the device 430 c in a bipolar mode. The bipolarelectrode tip 410 c includes a active electrode tip 422 a electricallycoupled via conductors to three electrical connections 470 c, 472 c, 474c configured to mate with the cut connection 462, coagulation connection464, and active connection 466, respectively. The bipolar electrode tip408 c further includes a return electrode end 422 b electrically coupledvia a conductor to a return connection 476 c configured to mate with thereturn connection 468.

When the bipolar electrode tip 408 c is coupled to the interface 486 cas described, closing either the cut switch 412 or the coagulationswitch 414 will provide an electrical signal directly between the switchinput 494 and the active input 496, i.e., the connection willelectrically short or include a resistance of about 0 ohms, to indicateto the electrosurgical unit 10 that the device 430 c is to be operatedin a bipolar mode. Accordingly, the third RF energy level correspondingwith a bipolar mode is provided to the active input 496 and thus to thefirst electrode end 422 a and returned through the tissue via the secondelectrode end 422 b.

Electrosurgical device 430 c can also be operated in bipolar mode withalternative electrode tips, albeit with limited functionality.

One such bipolar electrode tip includes an active electrode tip 422 aelectrically coupled via conductors to electrical connections configuredto mate with coagulation connection 464 and active connection 466. Thebipolar electrode tip further includes a return electrode end 422 belectrically coupled via a conductor to a return connection configuredto mate with the return connection 468. When the bipolar electrode tipis coupled to the interface 486 c as described, closing the coagulationswitch 414 will provide an electrical signal directly between the switchinput 494 and the active input 496, i.e., the connection willelectrically short or include a resistance of about 0 ohms, to indicateto the electrosurgical unit 10 that the device 430 c is to be operatedin a bipolar mode. Accordingly, the third RF energy level correspondingwith a bipolar mode is provided to the active input and thus to thefirst electrode end 422 a and returned through the tissue via the secondelectrode end 422 b. The bipolar electrode tip 418 c will not beactivated if the cut switch 412 is closed.

Another such bipolar electrode tip with limited functionality includesan active electrode tip 422 a electrically coupled via conductors toelectrical connection configured to mate with cut connection 462 andactive connection 466. The bipolar electrode tip further includes areturn electrode end 422 b electrically coupled via a conductor to areturn connection configured to mate with the return connection 468.When the bipolar electrode tip is coupled to the interface 486 c asdescribed, closing the cut switch 412 will provide an electrical signaldirectly between the switch input 494 and the active input 496, i.e.,the connection will electrically short or include a resistance of about0 ohms, to indicate to the electrosurgical unit 10 that the device 430 cis to be operated in a bipolar mode. Accordingly, the third RF energylevel corresponding with a bipolar mode is provided to the active inputand thus to the first electrode end 422 a and returned through thetissue via the second electrode end 422 b. The bipolar electrode tip 428c will not be activated if the coagulation switch 414 is closed.

FIG. 12 illustrates example device 430 d having inputs 480 d, switchmechanism 482 d, interface 486 d, and electrode tips 484 d configured towork with switch mechanism 482 d. Switch mechanism 482 d includes a cutswitch 412 and cut resistor 436 coupled in series between the switchinput 494 and the active input 496. In the example, illustrated, the cutswitch connection 462 is electrically coupled between the cut switch 412and the cut resistor 436. Switch mechanism 482 d also includes acoagulation switch 414 and coagulation resistor 438 coupled in seriesbetween the switch input 494 and the coagulation switch connection 464.Also, the active input 496 is directly coupled to the active connection466, and the return input 498 is directly coupled to the returnconnection 468.

Example device 430 d further includes a monopolar electrode tip 410 dconfigured to operate the device 430 d in a monopolar mode. Themonopolar electrode tip 410 d includes a monopolar electrode blade tip432 d is electrically coupled to a first electrical connection 450 dconfigured to mate with the active connection 466 and a secondelectrical connection 452 d configured to mate with the coagulationconnection 464. The monopolar electrode tip 410 c does not include anelectrical connection for the return connection 468. Additionally, themonopolar electrode tip 410 d does not include an electrical connectionfor the cut connection 462.

When the monopolar electrode tip 410 d is coupled to the interface 486 das described, closing the cut switch 412 provides an electrical signalbetween the switch input 494 and the active input 496 through the cutresistor 436 to indicate to the electrosurgical unit 10 that the device430 d is to be operated in a cut function of the monopolar mode.Accordingly, the first RF energy level corresponding with a cut functionis provided to the active input 496 and thus to the monopolar electrodeblade tip 432 d and returned through the tissue via a ground dispersiveelectrode (not shown).

When the monopolar electrode tip 410 d is coupled to the interface 486 das described, closing the coagulation switch 414 provides an electricalsignal between the switch input 494 and the active input 496 through thecoagulation resistor 438 to indicate to the electrosurgical unit 10 thatthe device 430 d is to be operated in a coagulation function of themonopolar mode. Accordingly, the second RF energy level correspondingwith a coagulation function is provided to the active input 496 and thusto the monopolar electrode blade tip 432 d and returned through thetissue via a ground dispersive electrode (not shown).

Example device 430 d further includes a bipolar electrode tip 408 dconfigured to operate the device 430 d in a bipolar mode. The bipolarelectrode tip 410 d includes a active electrode tip 422 a electricallycoupled via conductors to two electrical connections 470 d, 472 dconfigured to mate with the cut connection 462 and active connection466, respectively. The bipolar electrode tip 408 d further includes areturn electrode end 422 b electrically coupled via a conductor to areturn connection 476 d configured to mate with the return connection468.

When the bipolar electrode tip 408 d is coupled to the interface 486 das described, closing the coagulation switch 414 will provide anelectrical signal directly between the switch input 494 and the activeinput 496, i.e., the connection will electrically short or include aresistance of about 0 ohms, to indicate to the electrosurgical unit 10that the device 430 d is to be operated in a bipolar mode. Accordingly,the third RF energy level corresponding with a bipolar mode is providedto the active input 496 and thus to the first electrode end 422 a andreturned through the tissue via the second electrode end 422 b. In theexample of bipolar electrode tip 408 d, closing the coagulation switch414 will not activate the device 430 d.

FIG. 13 illustrates example device 430 e having inputs 480 e, switchmechanism 482 e, interface 486 e, and electrode tips 484 e configured towork with switch mechanism 482 e. Switch mechanism 482 e includes acoagulation switch 414 coupled in series between the switch input 494and coagulation switch connection 464. Switch mechanism 482 e alsoincludes a cut switch 412 and cut resistor 436 coupled in series betweenthe switch input 494 and the active input 496. In the exampleillustrated, the cut switch connection 462 is electrically coupledbetween the cut switch 412 and the cut resistor 436. Also, the activeinput 496 is directly coupled to the active connection 466, and thereturn input 498 is directly coupled to the return connection 468.

Example device 430 e further includes a monopolar electrode tip 410 econfigured to operate the device 430 e in a monopolar mode. Themonopolar electrode tip 410 e includes a monopolar electrode blade tip432 e is electrically coupled to a first electrical connection 450 econfigured to mate with the active connection 466 and a secondelectrical connection 452 e configured to mate with the coagulationconnection 464 via a coagulation resistor 438. The monopolar electrodetip 410 e does not include an electrical connection for the returnconnection 468. Additionally, the monopolar electrode tip 410 e does notinclude an electrical connection for the cut connection 462. In oneexample, the coagulation resistor 438 can be disposed within themonopolar body portion 210 a of FIG. 5.

When the monopolar electrode tip 410 e is coupled to the interface 486 eas described, closing the cut switch 412 provides an electrical signalbetween the switch input 494 and the active input 496 through the cutresistor 436 in the switch mechanism 482 e to indicate to theelectrosurgical unit 10 that the device 430 e is to be operated in a cutfunction of the monopolar mode. Accordingly, the first RF energy levelcorresponding with a cut function is provided to the active input 496and thus to the monopolar electrode blade tip 432 e and returned throughthe tissue via a ground dispersive electrode (not shown).

When the monopolar electrode tip 410 e is coupled to the interface 486 eas described, closing the coagulation switch 414 provides an electricalsignal between the coagulation switch input 494 and the active input 496through the coagulation resistor 438 in the electrode tip 484 e toindicate to the electrosurgical unit 10 that the device 430 e is to beoperated in a coagulation function of the monopolar mode. Accordingly,the second RF energy level corresponding with a coagulation function isprovided to the active input 496 and thus to the monopolar electrodeblade tip 432 e and returned through the tissue via a ground dispersiveelectrode (not shown).

Example device 430 e further includes a bipolar electrode tip 408 econfigured to operate the device 430 e in a bipolar mode. The bipolarelectrode tip 410 e includes a active electrode tip 422 a electricallycoupled via conductors to three electrical connections 470 e, 472 e, 474e configured to mate with the cut connection 462, coagulation connection464, and active connection 466, respectively. The bipolar electrode tip408 e further includes a return electrode end 422 b electrically coupledvia a conductor to a return connection 476 e configured to mate with thereturn connection 468.

When the bipolar electrode tip 408 e is coupled to the interface 486 eas described, closing either the cut switch 412 or the coagulationswitch 414 will provide an electrical signal directly between the switchinput 494 and the active input 496, i.e., the connection willelectrically short or include a resistance of about 0 ohms, to indicateto the electrosurgical unit 10 that the device 430 e is to be operatedin a bipolar mode. Accordingly, the third RF energy level correspondingwith a bipolar mode is provided to the active input 496 and thus to thefirst electrode end 422 a and returned through the tissue via the secondelectrode end 422 b.

Electrosurgical device 430 e can also be operated in bipolar mode withalternative electrode tips, albeit with limited functionality.

One such bipolar electrode tip includes an active electrode tip 422 aelectrically coupled via conductors to electrical connections configuredto mate with coagulation connection 464 and active connection 466. Thebipolar electrode tip further includes a return electrode end 422 belectrically coupled via a conductor to a return connection configuredto mate with the return connection 468. When the bipolar electrode tipis coupled to the interface 486 e as described, closing the coagulationswitch 414 will provide an electrical signal directly between the switchinput 494 and the active input 496, i.e., the connection willelectrically short or include a resistance of about 0 ohms, to indicateto the electrosurgical unit 10 that the device 430 e is to be operatedin a bipolar mode. Accordingly, the third RF energy level correspondingwith a bipolar mode is provided to the active input and thus to thefirst electrode end 422 a and returned through the tissue via the secondelectrode end 422 b. The bipolar electrode tip 418 e will not beactivated if the cut switch 412 is closed.

Another such limited functionality bipolar electrode tip includes anactive electrode tip 422 a electrically coupled via conductors toelectrical connections configured to mate with cut connection 462 andactive connection 466. The bipolar electrode tip further includes areturn electrode end 422 b electrically coupled via a conductor to areturn connection configured to mate with the return connection 468.When the bipolar electrode tip 428 e is coupled to the interface 486 eas described, closing the cut switch 412 will provide an electricalsignal directly between the switch input 494 and the active input 496,i.e., the connection will electrically short or include a resistance ofabout 0 ohms, to indicate to the electrosurgical unit 10 that the device430 e is to be operated in a bipolar mode. Accordingly, the third RFenergy level corresponding with a bipolar mode is provided to the activeinput and thus to the first electrode end 422 a and returned through thetissue via the second electrode end 422 b. The bipolar electrode tipwill not be activated if the coagulation switch 414 is closed.

FIG. 14 illustrates example device 430 f having inputs 480 f, switchmechanism 482 f, interface 486 f, and electrode tips 484 f configured towork with switch mechanism 482 f. Switch mechanism 482 f includes a cutswitch 412 coupled in series between the switch input 494 and cut switchconnection 462. Switch mechanism 482 f also includes a coagulationswitch 414 coupled in series between the switch input 494 and thecoagulation switch connection 464. Also, the active input 496 isdirectly coupled to the active connection 466, and the return input 498is directly coupled to the return connection 468.

Example device 430 f further includes a monopolar electrode tip 410 fconfigured to operate the device 430 f in a monopolar mode. Themonopolar electrode tip 410 c includes a monopolar electrode blade tip432 c is electrically coupled to a first electrical connection 450 cconfigured to mate with the active connection 466, a second electricalconnection 452 f (in parallel with the first electrical connection 450f) and configured to mate with the coagulation connection 464 via acoagulation resistor 438, and a third electrical connection 454 fconfigured to mate with the cut connection 462 via a cut resistor 436(in parallel with the first electrical connection 450 f and thecoagulation resistor 438). The monopolar electrode tip 410 c does notinclude an electrical connection for the return connection 468. In oneexample, the cut resistor 436 and the coagulation resistor 438 can bedisposed within the monopolar body portion 210 a of FIG. 5.

When the monopolar electrode tip 410 f is coupled to the interface 486 fas described, closing the cut switch 412 provides an electrical signalbetween the switch input 494 and the active input 496 through the cutresistor 436 in the electrode tip 410 f to indicate to theelectrosurgical unit 10 that the device 430 f is to be operated in a cutfunction of the monopolar mode. Accordingly, the first RF energy levelcorresponding with a cut function is provided to the active input 496and thus to the monopolar electrode blade tip 432 f and returned throughthe tissue via a ground dispersive electrode (not shown).

When the monopolar electrode tip 410 f is coupled to the interface 486 fas described, closing the coagulation switch 414 provides an electricalsignal between the switch input 494 and the active input 496 through thecoagulation resistor 438 in the electrode tip 410 f to indicate to theelectrosurgical unit 10 that the device 430 f is to be operated in acoagulation function of the monopolar mode. Accordingly, the second RFenergy level corresponding with a coagulation function is provided tothe active input 496 and thus to the monopolar electrode blade tip 432 fand returned through the tissue via a ground dispersive electrode (notshown).

Example device 430 f further includes a bipolar electrode tip 408 fconfigured to operate the device 430 f in a bipolar mode. The bipolarelectrode tip 410 f includes a active electrode tip 422 a electricallycoupled via conductors to three electrical connections 470 f, 472 f, 474f configured to mate with the cut connection 462, coagulation connection464, and active connection 466, respectively. The bipolar electrode tip408 f further includes a return electrode end 422 b electrically coupledvia a conductor to a return connection 476 f configured to mate with thereturn connection 468.

When the bipolar electrode tip 408 f is coupled to the interface 486 fas described, closing either the cut switch 412 or the coagulationswitch 414 will provide an electrical signal directly between the switchinput 494 and the active input 496, i.e., the connection willelectrically short or include a resistance of about 0 ohms, to indicateto the electrosurgical unit 10 that the device 430 f is to be operatedin a bipolar mode. Accordingly, the third RF energy level correspondingwith a bipolar mode is provided to the active input 496 and thus to thefirst electrode end 422 a and returned through the tissue via the secondelectrode end 422 b.

Electrosurgical device 430 f can also be operated in bipolar mode withalternative electrode tips 418 c and 428 f, albeit with limitedfunctionality.

Bipolar electrode tip 418 f includes an active electrode tip 422 aelectrically coupled via conductors to electrical connection 440 f, 442f configured to mate with coagulation connection 464 and activeconnection 466, respectively. The bipolar electrode tip 418 f furtherincludes a return electrode end 422 b electrically coupled via aconductor to a return connection 448 f configured to mate with thereturn connection 468. When the bipolar electrode tip 418 f is coupledto the interface 486 f as described, closing the coagulation switch 414will provide an electrical signal directly between the switch input 494and the active input 496, i.e., the connection will electrically shortor include a resistance of about 0 ohms, to indicate to theelectrosurgical unit 10 that the device 430 f is to be operated in abipolar mode. Accordingly, the third RF energy level corresponding witha bipolar mode is provided to the active input and thus to the firstelectrode end 422 a and returned through the tissue via the secondelectrode end 422 b. The bipolar electrode tip 418 f will not beactivated if the cut switch 412 is closed.

Bipolar electrode tip 428 f includes an active electrode tip 422 aelectrically coupled via conductors to electrical connection 444 f, 446f configured to mate with cut connection 462 and active connection 466,respectively. The bipolar electrode tip 428 f further includes a returnelectrode end 422 b electrically coupled via a conductor to a returnconnection 448 f configured to mate with the return connection 468. Whenthe bipolar electrode tip 428 f is coupled to the interface 486 f asdescribed, closing the cut switch 412 will provide an electrical signaldirectly between the switch input 494 and the active input 496, i.e.,the connection will electrically short or include a resistance of about0 ohms, to indicate to the electrosurgical unit 10 that the device 430 fis to be operated in a bipolar mode. Accordingly, the third RF energylevel corresponding with a bipolar mode is provided to the active inputand thus to the first electrode end 422 a and returned through thetissue via the second electrode end 422 b. The bipolar electrode tip 428f will not be activated if the coagulation switch 414 is closed.

Other examples of the electrosurgical device 30 having interchangeableelectrode tips are possible, and advantages of each may become apparent.For instance, the example of device 430 c, with cut resistor 436 andcoagulation resistor 438 (or other appropriate circuit elements) locatedwithin the switch mechanism 482 a, may include the advantage of havingelectrode tips 484 a that are easily manufactured. The example of device430 f, with circuit elements such as cut resistor 436 and coagulationresistor 438 in the monopolar tip 410 f, may include the advantage ofhaving a handpiece that can work with electrosurgical units that includedifferent impedance values for detecting mode and function.Interchangeable electrode tips 484 f can be configured to includecircuit elements that correspond with the electrosurgical unit.

FIGS. 15-16 and FIGS. 17-18 illustrate include example electrosurgicaldevices 530 a, 530 b, respectively that include retractable bipolarshaft 508 a, 508 b, respectively and can correspond with electrosurgicaldevice 330 of FIGS. 7-8. Each of electrosurgical devices 530 a, 530 binclude switch input 594, an active input 596, and a return input 598,which generally correspond with inputs 94, 96, 98, respectively, ofdevice 30. Example devices 530 a, 530 b also include switch mechanisms582 a, 582 b respectively, each having two switches, i.e. cut switch 512and coagulation switch 514, coupled in parallel with switch input 594.Example devices 530 a, 530 b also include interface 586 a, 586 b,respectively, each including five interface connections, i.e. monopolaractive 560, cut switch connection 562, coagulation switch connection564, active connection 566, return connection 568. Further, each ofexample devices 530 a, 530 b, include a first circuit element 536, suchas a 200 ohm cut resistor, and a second circuit element 538, such as a69.8 ohm coagulation resistor for use in a monopolar mode.

Example electrosurgical devices 530 a, 530 b include three inputs 594,596, 598 that can correspond with inputs 494, 496, 498 ofelectrosurgical devices 430 a, 430 b, 430 c, 430 d, 430 e, 430 fdescribed above. Additionally, electrosurgical devices 530 a, 530 binclude switch mechanisms 582 a, 582 b that can correspond with switchmechanisms 482 a, 482 b, respectively, described above. One skilled inthe art can now readily recognize that additional embodiments ofelectrosurgical device 330 can be constructed using the switchmechanisms 482 c-48 f of devices 430 c-430 f described above. Further,one skilled in the art can now readily recognize that additionalembodiments of electrosurgical device 330 can be constructed includingbipolar shaft 308 with possibly limited functionality of the buttons212, 214 in bipolar mode.

FIGS. 15-16 illustrate example device 530 a having inputs 580 a, switchmechanism 582 a, interface 586 a, and electrode tips 584 a configured towork with switch mechanism 582 a. Switch mechanism 582 a includes a cutswitch 512 and cut resistor 536 coupled in series between the switchinput 594 and active input 596. In the example illustrated, the cutswitch connection 562 is electrically coupled between the cut switch 512and the cut resistor 536. Switch mechanism 582 a also includes acoagulation switch 514 and coagulation resistor 538 coupled in seriesbetween the switch input 594 and the active input 596. In the exampleillustrated, the coagulation switch connection 564 is electricallycoupled between the coagulation switch 514 and the coagulation resistor538. Also, the active input 596 is directly coupled to the activeconnection 566, and the return input 598 is directly coupled to thereturn connection 568.

Example device 530 a further includes a monopolar electrode tip 510 aconfigured to operate the device 530 a in a monopolar mode. Themonopolar electrode tip 510 a includes a monopolar electrode blade 532 athat is electrically coupled to monopolar active connection 560 a.

Example device 530 a further includes a bipolar shaft 508 a thatincludes an active electrode end 522 a and a return electrode end 522 bextending from the shaft 508 a at, for example, a first end 562 a, thatmay correspond with first end 362 of device 330. The active electrodeend 522 a is electrically coupled via conductor to an active bipolarconnection 570 a, and the return electrode end 522 b is electricallycoupled via conductor to a return bipolar connection 572 a. In theexample, connections 570 a, 572 a are exposed on the surface of theshaft 508 a proximate the second end 564 a that may correspond with thesecond end 364 of device 330. The shaft 508 a includes a monopolarconnection 550 a that can be exposed on the surface of the shaft 508 aproximate the first end 564 a.

FIG. 15 illustrates device 530 a configured in bipolar mode with shaft508 a extended as indicated, for example by device 330 in FIG. 8. Whenthe shaft 508 a is extended as described, return bipolar connection 572a is electrically coupled to return connection 568. Further, activebipolar connection 570 a is electrically coupled to cut connection 562,coagulation connection 564, and active connection 566. The monopolarelectrode blade 532 a is not electrically coupled to the switchmechanism 582 a.

When device 530 a is configured in the bipolar mode and the shaft 508 ais extended as described, closing either the cut switch 512 or thecoagulation switch 514 will provide an electrical signal directlybetween the switch input 594 and the active input 596, i.e., theconnection will electrically short or include a resistance of about 0ohms, to indicate to the electrosurgical unit 10 that the device 530 ais to be operated in a bipolar mode. Accordingly, the third RF energylevel corresponding with a bipolar mode is provided to the active inputand thus to the active electrode end 522 a and returned through thetissue via the return electrode end 522 b.

FIG. 16 illustrates device 530 a configured in monopolar mode with shaft508 a retracted as indicated, for example by device 330 in FIG. 7. Whenthe shaft 508 a is retracted as described, the active bipolar connection570 a and return bipolar connection 572 a are decoupled from the switchmechanism 582 a. Instead, the active connection 566 and the monopolaractive connection 560 of the interface 586 a are electrically coupledtogether via the monopolar connection 550 a in the shaft 508 a such thatthe monopolar electrode blade 532 a is electrically coupled to theswitch mechanism 582 a.

When device 530 a is configured in the monopolar mode and the shaft 508a is retracted as described, closing the cut switch 512 provides anelectrical signal between the switch input 594 and the active input 596through the cut resistor 536 to indicate to the electrosurgical unit 10that the device 530 a is to be operated in a cut function of themonopolar mode. Accordingly, the first RF energy level correspondingwith a cut function is provided to the active input 596 and thus to themonopolar electrode blade 532 a and returned through the tissue via aground dispersive electrode (not shown).

When device 530 a is configured in the monopolar mode and the shaft 508a is retracted as described, closing the coagulation switch 514 providesan electrical signal between the switch input 594 and the active input596 through the coagulation resistor 538 to indicate to theelectrosurgical unit 10 that the device 530 a is to be operated in acoagulation function of the monopolar mode. Accordingly, the second RFenergy level corresponding with a coagulation function is provided tothe active input 596 and thus to the monopolar electrode blade 532 a andreturned through the tissue via a ground dispersive electrode (notshown).

FIGS. 17-18 illustrate example device 530 b having inputs 580 b, switchmechanism 582 b, interface 586 b, and electrode tips 584 b configured towork with switch mechanism 582 b. Switch mechanism 582 b includes a cutswitch 512 and cut resistor 536 coupled in series between the switchinput 594 and cut switch connection 562. Switch mechanism 582 b alsoincludes a coagulation switch 514 and coagulation resistor 538 coupledin series between the switch input 594 and the active input 596. In theexample illustrated, the coagulation switch connection 564 iselectrically coupled between the coagulation switch 514 and thecoagulation resistor 538. Also, the active input 596 is directly coupledto the active connection 566, and the return input 598 is directlycoupled to the return connection 568.

Example device 530 b further includes a monopolar electrode tip 510 bconfigured to operate the device 530 b in a monopolar mode. Themonopolar electrode tip 510 b includes a monopolar electrode blade 532 bthat is electrically coupled to monopolar active connection 560 b.

Example device 530 b further includes a bipolar shaft 508 b thatincludes an active electrode end 522 a and a return electrode end 522 bextending from the shaft 508 b at, for example, a first end 562 b thatmay correspond with first end 362 of device 330. The active electrodeend 522 a is electrically coupled via conductor to an active bipolarconnection 570 b, and the return electrode end 522 b is electricallycoupled via conductor to a return bipolar connection 572 b. In theexample, connections 570 b, 572 b are exposed on the surface of theshaft 508 b proximate the second end 564 b that may correspond with thesecond end 364 of device 330. The shaft 508 b includes a monopolarconnection 550 b that can be exposed on the surface of the shaft 508 bproximate the first end 564 b.

FIG. 17 illustrates device 530 b configured in bipolar mode with shaft508 b extended as indicated, for example by device 330 in FIG. 8. Whenthe shaft 508 b is extended as described, return bipolar connection 572b is electrically coupled to return connection 568. Further, activebipolar connection 570 b is electrically coupled to coagulationconnection 564 and active connection 566. The monopolar electrode blade532 b is not electrically coupled to the switch mechanism 582 b.

When device 530 b is configured in the bipolar mode and the shaft 508 ais extended as described, closing the coagulation switch 514 willprovide an electrical signal directly between the switch input 594 andthe active input 596, i.e., the connection will electrically short orinclude a resistance of about 0 ohms, to indicate to the electrosurgicalunit 10 that the device 530 b is to be operated in a bipolar mode.Accordingly, the third RF energy level corresponding with a bipolar modeis provided to the active input and thus to the active electrode end 522a and returned through the tissue via the return electrode end 522 b. Inthe example of bipolar electrode tip 508 b, closing the cut switch 512will not active the device 530 b.

FIG. 18 illustrates device 530 b configured in monopolar mode with shaft508 b retracted as indicated, for example by device 330 in FIG. 7. Whenthe shaft 508 b is retracted as described, the active bipolar connection570 b and return bipolar connection 572 b are decoupled from the switchmechanism 582 b. Instead, the cut connection 562, active connection 566and the monopolar active connection 560 of the interface 586 b areelectrically coupled together via the monopolar connection 550 b in theshaft 508 b such that the monopolar electrode blade 532 b iselectrically coupled to the switch mechanism 582 b.

When device 530 b is configured in the monopolar mode and the shaft 508b is retracted as described, closing the cut switch 512 provides anelectrical signal between the switch input 594 and the active input 596through the cut resistor 536 to indicate to the electrosurgical unit 10that the device 530 b is to be operated in a cut function of themonopolar mode. Accordingly, the first RF energy level correspondingwith a cut function is provided to the active input 596 and thus to themonopolar electrode blade 532 b and returned through the tissue via aground dispersive electrode (not shown).

When device 530 b is configured in the monopolar mode and the shaft 508b is retracted as described, closing the coagulation switch 514 providesan electrical signal between the switch input 594 and the active input596 through the coagulation resistor 538 to indicate to theelectrosurgical unit 10 that the device 530 b is to be operated in acoagulation function of the monopolar mode. Accordingly, the second RFenergy level corresponding with a coagulation function is provided tothe active input 596 and thus to the monopolar electrode blade 532 b andreturned through the tissue via a ground dispersive electrode (notshown).

In one example, the connections of the interface 586 a, 586 b can beconstructed from pogo pins and the electrical connections 570 a, 572 a,550 a, and 570 b, 572, 550 b on shafts 508 a, 508 b, respectively, canbe constructed from conductive pads to provide for a robust electricalconnections that can also be used to releasably hold the shafts 508 a,508 b in place with respect to the interfaces 586 a, 586 b. Connectionson the interfaces 586 a, 586 b can also be constructed from conductivebumps that can mate with conductive flat pads or detents on the shaft508 a, 508 b. Pogo pins may be included on the shafts 508 a, 508 b andthe interface may be included on the interfaces 586 a, 586 b. Stillother configurations are possible.

Further, one skilled in the art can now readily recognize electricalconnections of a device having a monopolar blade disposed on theextendable/retractable shaft and bipolar electrode electrodes fixed withrespect to movement of the switch mechanism and/or interface. Further,one skilled in the art can now readily recognized electrical connectionsof a device having both the monopolar blade and the bipolar electrodeends movable with respect to the switch mechanism and/or interface.

Although the present disclosure has been described with reference topreferred embodiments, workers skilled in the art will recognize thatchanges can be made in form and detail without departing from the spiritand scope of the present disclosure.

What is claimed is:
 1. A multipurpose electrosurgical device comprising,a handpiece; a plurality of electrode tips coupleable to the handpieceto selectively configure the device in a bipolar mode and a monopolarmode; and a switching mechanism providing signals corresponding with afirst function and a second function in the monopolar mode and a signalcorresponding with a third function in the bipolar mode.